Binding With Members And Methods
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Binding With Members And Methods |
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This is an example of how to make a Lua binding with index and newindex events to access members of a C structure.
The newindex event handler function has a lookup table in an upvalue
with a list of all the members that can be set.
For each member that can be set, the lookup table contains the offset of the member in the structure,
and a pointer a glue function to set that type of member.
We only have to write one glue function for each type of member: double, int, char*.
This way we can use the same set int glue function for all the ints in this structure,
or any other structure exposed to Lua.
The index event handler function is similar. It has a lookup table for all the members that you can get, but it also has a second lookup for all the method functions.
// CStructToLua.cpp : Defines the entry point for the console application.
//
#include "stdafx.h"
#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <stddef.h>
#include <string.h>
extern "C" {
#include "lua.h"
#include "lauxlib.h"
#include "lualib.h"
}
/*
==============================================================================
Example Lua bindings with members and methods
==============================================================================
*/
static int get_int (lua_State *L, void *v)
{
lua_pushnumber(L, *(int*)v);
return 1;
}
static int set_int (lua_State *L, void *v)
{
*(int*)v = luaL_checkint(L, 3);
return 0;
}
static int get_number (lua_State *L, void *v)
{
lua_pushnumber(L, *(lua_Number*)v);
return 1;
}
static int set_number (lua_State *L, void *v)
{
*(lua_Number*)v = luaL_checknumber(L, 3);
return 0;
}
static int get_string (lua_State *L, void *v)
{
lua_pushstring(L, (char*)v );
return 1;
}
typedef int (*Xet_func) (lua_State *L, void *v);
/* member info for get and set handlers */
typedef const struct{
const char *name; /* member name */
Xet_func func; /* get or set function for type of member */
size_t offset; /* offset of member within your_t */
} Xet_reg_pre;
typedef Xet_reg_pre * Xet_reg;
static void Xet_add (lua_State *L, Xet_reg l)
{
for (; l->name; l++) {
lua_pushstring(L, l->name);
lua_pushlightuserdata(L, (void*)l);
lua_settable(L, -3);
}
}
static int Xet_call (lua_State *L)
{
/* for get: stack has userdata, index, lightuserdata */
/* for set: stack has userdata, index, value, lightuserdata */
Xet_reg m = (Xet_reg)lua_touserdata(L, -1); /* member info */
lua_pop(L, 1); /* drop lightuserdata */
luaL_checktype(L, 1, LUA_TUSERDATA);
return m->func(L, (void *)((char *)lua_touserdata(L, 1) + m->offset));
}
static int index_handler (lua_State *L)
{
/* stack has userdata, index */
lua_pushvalue(L, 2); /* dup index */
lua_rawget(L, lua_upvalueindex(1)); /* lookup member by name */
if (!lua_islightuserdata(L, -1)) {
lua_pop(L, 1); /* drop value */
lua_pushvalue(L, 2); /* dup index */
lua_gettable(L, lua_upvalueindex(2)); /* else try methods */
if (lua_isnil(L, -1)) /* invalid member */
luaL_error(L, "cannot get member '%s'", lua_tostring(L, 2));
return 1;
}
return Xet_call(L); /* call get function */
}
static int newindex_handler (lua_State *L)
{
/* stack has userdata, index, value */
lua_pushvalue(L, 2); /* dup index */
lua_rawget(L, lua_upvalueindex(1)); /* lookup member by name */
if (!lua_islightuserdata(L, -1)) /* invalid member */
luaL_error(L, "cannot set member '%s'", lua_tostring(L, 2));
return Xet_call(L); /* call set function */
}
/*
==============================================================================
Your structure and custom methods
==============================================================================
*/
#define YOUR_T "YourClass"
typedef struct {
int id;
char name[16];
int age;
double x,y;
} your_t;
static your_t *check_your_t (lua_State *L, int index)
{
your_t *yd;
luaL_checktype(L, index, LUA_TUSERDATA);
yd = (your_t *)luaL_checkudata(L, index, YOUR_T);
if (yd == NULL) luaL_typerror(L, index, YOUR_T);
return yd;
}
static your_t *push_your_t (lua_State *L)
{
your_t *yd = (your_t*)lua_newuserdata(L, sizeof(your_t));
luaL_getmetatable(L, YOUR_T);
lua_setmetatable(L, -2);
return yd;
}
static int id_counter;
static int your_create (lua_State *L)
{
your_t *yd;
unsigned int name_len;
const char *name = luaL_checklstring(L, 1, &name_len);
if( name_len > 15 ) luaL_error(L, "name too long"); /* die */
yd = push_your_t(L);
strcpy( yd->name, name );
yd->age = luaL_checkint(L, 2);
yd->x = luaL_checknumber(L, 3);
yd->y = luaL_checknumber(L, 4);
yd->id = ++id_counter;
return 1;
}
static int your_destroy (lua_State *L)
{
your_t *yd = (your_t*)lua_touserdata(L,1);
printf("Goodbye %s:%d at (%lf,%lf)\n", yd->name, yd->id, yd->x, yd->y);
return 0;
}
static int your_position (lua_State *L)
{
your_t *yd = check_your_t(L, 1);
double x = yd->x;
double y = yd->y;
if( lua_gettop(L) > 1 ) {
yd->x = luaL_checknumber(L, 2);
yd->y = luaL_checknumber(L, 3);
}
lua_pushnumber(L,x);
lua_pushnumber(L,y);
return 2;
}
static int test (lua_State *L)
{
int n = luaL_checknumber(L, 1);
lua_pushnumber(L, 66);
lua_pushnumber(L, 67);
lua_pushnumber(L, 68);
return n;
}
static const luaL_reg your_meta_methods[] = {
{"__gc", your_destroy },
{0,0}
};
static const luaL_reg your_methods[] = {
{"create", your_create},
{"position", your_position},
{"test", test},
{0,0}
};
static const Xet_reg_pre your_getters[] = {
{"id", get_int, offsetof(your_t,id) },
{"name", get_string, offsetof(your_t,name) },
{"age", get_int, offsetof(your_t,age) },
{"x", get_number, offsetof(your_t,x) },
{"y", get_number, offsetof(your_t,y) },
{0,0}
};
static const Xet_reg_pre your_setters[] = {
{"age", set_int, offsetof(your_t,age) },
{"x", set_number, offsetof(your_t,x) },
{"y", set_number, offsetof(your_t,y) },
{0,0}
};
int your_register (lua_State *L)
{
int metatable, methods;
/* create methods table, & add it to the table of globals */
luaL_openlib(L, YOUR_T, your_methods, 0);
methods = lua_gettop(L);
/* create metatable for your_t, & add it to the registry */
luaL_newmetatable(L, YOUR_T);
luaL_openlib(L, 0, your_meta_methods, 0); /* fill metatable */
metatable = lua_gettop(L);
lua_pushliteral(L, "__metatable");
lua_pushvalue(L, methods); /* dup methods table*/
lua_rawset(L, metatable); /* hide metatable:
metatable.__metatable = methods */
lua_pushliteral(L, "__index");
lua_pushvalue(L, metatable); /* upvalue index 1 */
Xet_add(L, your_getters); /* fill metatable with getters */
lua_pushvalue(L, methods); /* upvalue index 2 */
lua_pushcclosure(L, index_handler, 2);
lua_rawset(L, metatable); /* metatable.__index = index_handler */
lua_pushliteral(L, "__newindex");
lua_newtable(L); /* table for members you can set */
Xet_add(L, your_setters); /* fill with setters */
lua_pushcclosure(L, newindex_handler, 1);
lua_rawset(L, metatable); /* metatable.__newindex = newindex_handler */
lua_pop(L, 1); /* drop metatable */
return 1; /* return methods on the stack */
}
int main(int argc, char *argv[])
{
lua_State *L = lua_open();
luaopen_base(L);
luaopen_table(L);
//luaopen_io(L);
luaopen_string(L);
luaopen_math(L);
luaopen_debug(L);
your_register(L);
luaL_dofile(L, "test.lua");
//if(argc>1) lua_dofile(L, argv[1]);
lua_close(L);
return 0;
}
This code can be compiled for Lua 5.0 as follows:
gcc member.c -L/usr/local/lib/ -llua -llualib
print('= YourClass =',YourClass) for n,v in YourClass do print(n,v) end b = YourClass.create('bill', 99, 34,65) f = YourClass.create('fish', 44, 16.7,19.25) local member_names = {'id','name','age','x','y'} function dump(ud) for _,n in pairs(member_names) do print(n, ud[n]) end end print'*** b ***' dump(b) print'*** f ***' dump(f) print('b.name =', b.name, 'pos = ', b.x, b.y) b.age = 88 b.x = 40 b.y = 50 print'*** modified b ***' dump(b) debug.debug()
$ ./a member.lua = YourClass = table: 0xa044f00 test function: 0xa044f60 create function: 0xa044f28 position function: 0xa045240 *** b *** id 1 name bill age 99 x 34 y 65 *** f *** id 2 name fish age 44 x 16.7 y 19.25 b.name = bill pos = 34 65 *** modified b *** id 1 name bill age 88 x 40 y 50 lua_debug> print(b.age, b:position()) 88 40 50 lua_debug> b.age = 99 lua_debug> b.name = 'rat' [string "b.name = 'rat'..."]:1: cannot set member 'name' lua_debug> print(b.cow) [string "print(b.cow)..."]:1: cannot get member 'cow' lua_debug> b.fish = 9 [string "b.fish = 9..."]:1: cannot set member 'fish' lua_debug> dump(b) id 1 name bill age 99 x 40 y 50 lua_debug> cont Goodbye fish:2 at (16.700000,19.250000) Goodbye bill:1 at (40.000000,50.000000)